Legal Definitions - friendly fire

Friendly fire refers to two distinct situations where harm or damage occurs unintentionally from one's own side or from a source that was initially intended to be safe or controlled.

• It can describe a fire that was intentionally set and contained, but subsequently causes accidental damage beyond its intended scope.
• It also refers to instances in military or law enforcement operations where personnel or assets are accidentally injured or damaged by their own forces or allies.

Here are some examples to illustrate the concept of friendly fire:

• Example 1 (Actual Fire): A family is enjoying a bonfire in their backyard fire pit, which is properly contained within a stone ring. A sudden, strong gust of wind lifts a burning ember from the pit, carrying it a short distance to land on a dry patch of grass, which then ignites and causes minor damage to the lawn before being extinguished.

  Explanation: The bonfire was an intentional and "friendly" fire, meant for enjoyment and contained within its designated area. However, it unintentionally caused damage outside its intended scope, illustrating the first meaning of friendly fire.

• Example 2 (Military/Law Enforcement): During a high-stakes police raid on a suspected criminal hideout, officers are clearing rooms. One officer, reacting to a sudden movement in a dimly lit corridor, discharges their weapon. The bullet ricochets off a wall and accidentally strikes a fellow officer who was positioned around a corner, causing a non-fatal injury.

  Explanation: The injury to the officer was inflicted by a member of their own police force ("friendly") during an operation, even though it was unintentional and a tragic accident. This demonstrates the second meaning of friendly fire.

• Example 3 (Actual Fire - Different Context): A homeowner uses a propane torch to carefully remove weeds growing between patio pavers. While focusing on a stubborn weed, the flame inadvertently scorches and melts a small section of a nearby plastic garden hose that was not visible from their immediate vantage point.

  Explanation: The torch flame was intentionally used for a specific task ("friendly" fire), but it unintentionally caused damage to another item nearby. This scenario fits the first definition of friendly fire, where a controlled fire causes unintended harm.