Legal Definitions - genetic-marker test

A Genetic-Marker Test (GMT) is a scientific procedure that examines specific segments of a person's DNA to identify unique genetic patterns. By comparing these patterns between individuals, the test can establish biological relationships, such as parentage, or confirm individual identity with a high degree of accuracy. It works by analyzing genetic markers, which are distinct variations in DNA sequences inherited from one's biological parents.

Here are some examples of how a genetic-marker test might be applied:

• Child Support Determination: A woman files a legal petition seeking child support from a man she identifies as the father of her child. The man disputes paternity, claiming he is not the biological father. The court may order a genetic-marker test for the child, the mother, and the alleged father. The results, which analyze their DNA, will provide a highly accurate probability of paternity, directly influencing the court's decision regarding the man's legal obligation to provide financial support.

• Immigration and Family Reunification: An individual living abroad applies for a visa to join a family member (e.g., a parent or sibling) who is a citizen of another country. Immigration authorities may require a genetic-marker test if other documentation is insufficient to prove the claimed biological relationship. By comparing the DNA of the applicant and the sponsoring family member, the test can confirm the familial link, thereby supporting the visa application for family reunification.

• Forensic Identification in Criminal Cases: During a criminal investigation, a small blood sample is found at a crime scene. Police have a suspect but no direct evidence linking them to the scene. A genetic-marker test is performed on the DNA extracted from the blood sample and compared to a DNA sample taken from the suspect. If the genetic markers match, it provides strong scientific evidence that the suspect was present at the crime scene, which can be crucial for prosecution.