Legal Definitions - propriis manibus

The Latin phrase propriis manibus translates to "by one's own hands." Historically, this term was used to emphasize that an action, document, or signature was personally performed or executed by an individual, rather than through an agent, representative, or another person acting on their behalf. It underscores direct, personal involvement and authorship.

• Example 1: Executing a Will

  Imagine an elderly individual, wanting to ensure there is no doubt about their final wishes, personally signs their last will and testament. If the will or accompanying legal notes state it was signed propriis manibus, it signifies that the testator themselves physically affixed their signature, rather than someone else signing on their behalf, even if legally authorized. This direct act reinforces the authenticity and personal intent behind the document.

• Example 2: Self-Representation in Court

  Consider a person who decides to represent themselves in a minor civil dispute, such as a small claims court case, without hiring an attorney. When they present their arguments, question witnesses, and interact directly with the judge, they are acting propriis manibus. They are personally handling their legal matter, rather than relying on a legal professional to speak or act for them.

• Example 3: Authoring a Historical Document

  In historical contexts, a monarch might issue an important royal decree or a personal letter. If it was known that the monarch not only signed but also personally drafted the text of the document propriis manibus, it would lend immense weight and authority to the content. This would distinguish it from a document merely dictated to a scribe or signed by a proxy, emphasizing the monarch's direct authorship and personal endorsement.