Legal Definitions - qq.v.

qq.v. is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase quae vide, which literally translates to "which see" (plural). It is a cross-reference used in legal texts, academic papers, reference works, and other scholarly documents to direct the reader to multiple other entries, sections, or sources for more comprehensive information on a particular topic. When you encounter "qq.v.," it signals that a deeper or broader understanding requires consulting several related discussions or references.

• Example 1: Legal Treatise on Property Law

  Imagine you are reading a legal treatise discussing "easements." The author might briefly mention various types, such as "easements by prescription," "easements by necessity," and "express easements." To encourage the reader to delve into the specifics of each type, the text might conclude a section with a note like: "For a detailed examination of the different methods of creating easements, see easements by prescription, easements by necessity, and express easements, qq.v."

  Explanation: Here, "qq.v." directs the reader to multiple distinct, more detailed entries within the same legal treatise, each dedicated to a specific type of easement, thereby providing a fuller picture of the topic.

• Example 2: Academic Article on Constitutional Law

  In a law review article analyzing the evolution of free speech jurisprudence, an author might discuss several landmark Supreme Court cases that shaped this area of law. After a general overview, the author might write: "The principles discussed herein are largely derived from foundational rulings (New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, Brandenburg v. Ohio, qq.v.)."

  Explanation: In this context, "qq.v." instructs the reader to consult the full legal opinions of the multiple listed Supreme Court cases, which are external sources, to gain a complete understanding of the legal precedents being referenced.

• Example 3: Legal Dictionary Entry

  Consider a legal dictionary entry for "intellectual property." After providing a concise definition, the entry might list various forms of intellectual property. It could then state: "Key forms of intellectual property include patents, copyrights, and trademarks (qq.v.)."

  Explanation: This use of "qq.v." guides the reader to separate, more extensive entries within the same dictionary for "patents," "copyrights," and "trademarks," allowing them to explore each specific area of intellectual property in greater detail.