Legal Definitions - summoneas

A summoneas was a historical legal document, specifically a type of writ, issued by a court. Its purpose was to formally command an individual or entity to appear before the court on a specified date and time. It served as an official notice, compelling attendance for legal proceedings.

Here are some examples illustrating the application of a summoneas:

• Imagine a dispute in 15th-century England where Lord Ashworth believed his neighbor, Sir Reginald, had encroached upon his ancestral lands. Lord Ashworth would petition the King's court, which might then issue a summoneas to Sir Reginald. This writ would order Sir Reginald to appear before the court to answer the allegations regarding the land dispute, compelling his presence to defend his claim or face judgment by default.

• Consider a scenario in 17th-century London where a baker, Master Thomas, was owed a significant sum for flour by a local innkeeper, Mr. Finch, who refused to pay. Master Thomas could seek legal recourse. If the court agreed there was a prima facie case, it would issue a summoneas to Mr. Finch, commanding him to appear before the court to address the debt claim. Without this formal writ, Mr. Finch would not be legally obligated to attend.

• During a criminal trial in 18th-century France, a specific villager was known to have witnessed a crucial event related to the crime. The court, needing this testimony, could issue a summoneas to the villager. This writ would legally compel the villager to appear in court and provide their account, ensuring all relevant evidence was presented for a fair trial.