A more thorough explanation:

A bill of pains and penalties is a legislative act that prescribes punishment less severe than capital punishment, but similar to a bill of attainder.

One example of a bill of pains and penalties is the impeachment process in the United States. If a government official is found guilty of wrongdoing, they may be removed from office and barred from holding public office in the future. This punishment is less severe than capital punishment, but still serves as a penalty for their actions.

Another example is the Bill of Pains and Penalties passed by the British Parliament in 1820 against Queen Caroline. The bill sought to dissolve her marriage to King George IV and strip her of her title and privileges. Although the bill did not prescribe capital punishment, it was seen as a severe punishment for the Queen's alleged infidelity.

Bills of pains and penalties are legislative acts that prescribe punishment for wrongdoing. They are similar to bills of attainder, but the punishment is less severe than capital punishment. The examples illustrate how bills of pains and penalties have been used in different contexts, such as impeachment proceedings and royal scandals. These bills serve as a way for governments to hold individuals accountable for their actions without resorting to the most extreme form of punishment.