Legal Definitions - Social Security Disability Insurance (SSD)

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSD) is a federal program that provides financial benefits to individuals who have worked and paid Social Security taxes for a sufficient period, but are now unable to work due to a severe medical condition or disability. It functions like an insurance policy, offering a safety net for workers who become disabled and can no longer earn a living. In some cases, certain family members of an eligible disabled worker may also qualify for benefits under this program.

• Example 1: Maria worked as a registered nurse for 28 years, consistently paying Social Security taxes from each paycheck. At age 55, she developed a severe form of rheumatoid arthritis that made it impossible for her to perform the physical demands of her job, such as standing for long shifts or assisting patients. After her doctors confirmed her inability to work, she applied for SSD benefits.

  Explanation: Maria's situation illustrates SSD because she has a long history of employment and tax contributions, making her "insured" under the system. Her severe medical condition now prevents her from working, qualifying her for the disability benefits she contributed to throughout her career.

• Example 2: David, a software engineer in his late 30s, had been employed full-time and paying Social Security taxes since graduating college. He was involved in a serious car accident that resulted in a traumatic brain injury, leaving him with significant cognitive impairments that prevent him from performing the complex problem-solving and coding required by his profession or any other substantial work.

  Explanation: This example demonstrates that SSD is not only for older workers. David, despite being relatively young, had accumulated enough work credits by paying Social Security taxes over his career. His severe, disabling injury now prevents him from working, making him eligible for SSD benefits.

• Example 3: Sarah worked as an accountant for 20 years, diligently paying into Social Security. She was diagnosed with a progressive neurological disorder that gradually made it impossible for her to manage her workload, use a computer, or even commute to work. She has two children, aged 10 and 14.

  Explanation: Sarah's case highlights both her eligibility as an insured worker who can no longer perform her job due to disability, and the potential for auxiliary benefits. Because she is approved for SSD, her minor children may also receive benefits based on her work record, providing additional financial support to her family during her disability.