Legal Definitions - working model

In the context of patents, a working model refers to a physical, functional prototype or sample of an invention. It is typically constructed to test the invention's capabilities, refine its design, and demonstrate its operation to others, such as potential investors, manufacturers, or patent examiners.

Creating a working model is a tangible way to show that an invention has moved beyond a theoretical concept to a practical, functional device. While not a mandatory requirement for obtaining a patent, building a working model can significantly strengthen a patent application. It helps the inventor provide a clearer and more detailed description of how the invention works and can serve as concrete evidence of the invention's completion date, which can be crucial in resolving disputes if another party later claims to have invented the same thing.

Here are some examples illustrating the concept of a working model:

• Automated Pet Feeder: An inventor designs a new automated pet feeder that dispenses food based on a pet's activity level, monitored by a wearable sensor. Before filing a patent application, they build a small, functional version of the feeder and the sensor. This working model allows them to test if the sensor accurately tracks activity, if the feeder dispenses the correct amount of food, and if the system reliably communicates. They can also use this prototype to demonstrate the feeder's unique features to potential manufacturing partners, proving its viability and functionality.

• Innovative Bicycle Suspension System: A mechanical engineer develops a novel suspension system for mountain bikes that promises superior shock absorption. To validate their design, they fabricate a full-scale frame incorporating their new suspension mechanism. This working model is then subjected to rigorous testing on various terrains to measure its performance, durability, and comfort compared to existing systems. The engineer can then present this tested model to bicycle manufacturers, providing tangible proof of the invention's benefits and helping to solidify the technical details in their patent application.

• Portable Water Purification Device: An environmental scientist invents a compact, hand-cranked device designed to purify contaminated water in remote areas. They assemble a fully functional prototype using readily available materials. This working model is used to filter samples of dirty water, demonstrating its effectiveness in removing impurities and making the water safe to drink. The scientist can then use this demonstrable proof of concept to clarify the purification process in their patent application and to attract funding from humanitarian organizations, showcasing the device's practical application and potential impact.