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Simple English definitions for legal terms

parol evidence rule

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A quick definition of parol evidence rule:

The parol evidence rule is a legal rule that says any agreements made outside of a written contract cannot be used in court unless there is evidence of fraud, duress, or a mutual mistake. This means that any information that is not included in the written contract is not allowed as evidence in a contract dispute. The rule is meant to prevent people from lying about what was agreed upon in a contract. There are two exceptions to the rule: the collateral contract exception and the ambiguity exception. The collateral contract exception applies when there is a side agreement that is related to the original written contract and meets certain conditions. The ambiguity exception applies when the language in the written contract is unclear and can be interpreted in more than one way. In this case, extrinsic evidence can be used to determine the true meaning of the contract.

A more thorough explanation:

The parol evidence rule is a legal principle that states that any agreement made outside of a written contract is inadmissible in court unless there is evidence of fraud, duress, or a mutual mistake. This means that any information leading up to or during a contract that is not included in writing is considered inadmissible evidence and is excluded from the jury. The jury will therefore only look at the writing within the document itself to decide a contract dispute.

For example, if two parties sign a contract to buy a car and later have a verbal agreement to change the payment terms, that verbal agreement cannot be used in court to dispute the original contract.

The parol evidence rule is codified in U.C.C. § 2-202, which states that terms in a writing intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement may not be contradicted by evidence of any prior agreement or of a contemporaneous oral agreement but may be explained or supplemented by course of dealing, usage of trade, or by course of performance; and by evidence of consistent additional terms unless the court finds the writing to have been intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement.

There are two exceptions to the parol evidence rule: the collateral contract exception and the ambiguity exception.

The collateral contract exception applies when the extrinsic agreement is a collateral one, does not contradict the express or implied provisions of the written contract, and is one that the parties would not ordinarily be expected to embody in the writing.

For example, if two parties sign a contract to buy a car and later have a verbal agreement to include a free oil change, that verbal agreement may be admissible in court if it meets the three conditions of the collateral contract exception.

The ambiguity exception applies when the language in the original written contract is reasonably susceptible to more than one meaning. In this case, the court will permit the admissibility of parol evidence to determine the meaning of the contract language.

For example, if two parties sign a contract to buy a car and the contract states that the car will be delivered "as is," but there is a dispute over what "as is" means, the court may allow parol evidence to determine the parties' true intentions.

parol evidence | Parole

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MIAMI A
[] AromaticTroubledDormouse
20:55
How does one know if they are UR1 or UR2?
[] AromaticTroubledDormouse
20:56
CONGRATS MACAQUE!
TY
got a random stanford email and almost had a heart attack
ALSO CONGRATS!
Congrats1!
21:15
Miami A, yall I'm so excited I could cry.
21:15
Feel like I can finally stop holding my breath!! Whew!!!
[] baddestbunny
22:16
every time I get accosted by a strange man who follows me around because my male coworkers were too busy talking to walk me back to my car I get closer to saying we need to bring back traditional gender roles
Dkk
22:32
Nice! @Macaque
Dkk
22:32
@Aromatic, Have to guess.
Dkk
22:33
That sucks @Bunny do you have to go to the hospital?
[] baddestbunny
22:40
I said accosted not assaulted
23:35
guys. my notre dame address just went long is this good or bad
1a2b3c4d26z
23:37
Oooooo me too
23:37
omg is this good or bad
Dkk
23:47
Idk if gender roles are gunna fix that then.
23:49
it looks like most people who applied in october last cycle didn't get a decision until january... does it even mean anything that our addresses went long??
hows ED 2 compared to ED 1?
Dkk
0:10
No idea
windyMagician
0:34
reporting live to say my ndls address also went long
does it mean anything ^
Dkk
2:21
NDLS and Fordham took a very long time last year. It's good info for people to know.
[] baddestbunny
4:29
let’s get after it boys and girls
Dkk
5:21
I gtg to bed soon.
Dkk
5:22
Big day today. Gunna be a crazy one. I will sleep through the first half.
good morning lsd it is 5 am EST
also jazzy my ndls address went long ages ago i sadly do not think it means anything
my stanford address also went long LOL i think at most it's an indicator it's under review
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